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Demonstrate how to carry out a patient-centred systematic assessment Essay

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Friday, December 27, 2019

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay - 1100 Words

What do you think about drinking during pregnancy? Do you know what FAS is? Do you want your child to have FAS? Read on and I believe you will come to the same conclusion as I have about FAS. FAS doesn’t sound so bad, but in reality it is. FAS means Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. FAS is a combination of physical and mental defects first evident at a baby’s birth. FAS is a direct result of a woman drinking alcohol during pregnancy. These defects continue through out the child’s life. One in five hundred children are born with FAS. Your baby is at risk no matter how much liquor you drink. It doesn’t matter if it’s beer, wine, or hard liquor. The chemicals in the liquor quickly pass through into the placenta, which means the baby absorbs as much†¦show more content†¦;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Small teeth with faulty enamelnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Other physical characteristics: Permanent brain damage nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Heart and kidney defects nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Long-term behavourial problems nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Growth problems-shorter and smaller size nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Deformed fingers and toes nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Deformities of joints, limbs, and fingers nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Slow physical growth before and after birthShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome942 Words   |  4 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome According to Seaver, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is birth defects causing learning, and behavioral problems in individuals whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy. This disorder is very serious, yet it is recognized as one of the most preventable. This causes major issues, when something so serious could be prevented but is not. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a problem because it leaves a permanent effect on the unborn child, but some solutions could be educating women andRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome1466 Words   |  6 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome â€Å"If women didn’t drink anymore during pregnancy, there would never be another baby born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effect† (McCuen 33). This is a very powerful statement. It is also a very simple cure for an alarmingly high birth defect that all women have the power to stop. â€Å"Every year more than 40,000 American children are born with defects because their mother drank alcohol while pregnant â€Å" (McCuen 34). That is 1 to 3 per 1,000 live birthsRead MoreThe Disorder Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe the disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome .This paper will aim to discuss what the disorder is ,it s history how it is diagnosed and the treatment and prevention of this disorder. Taking a sip a int hip Introduction :Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing(Bible-Judges 13:7).It has been known throughout history that the effects of alcohol use in pregnancyRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 Pageslead to many severe abnormalities in the growing fetus. More specifically, a disorder that will be explored in this essay is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Since the alcohol is consumed in such a developing stage of the fetus, it can potentially cause many different complications in the unborn child. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome could easily be prevented with more awareness to the issue and its defining characteristics, how it affects the fetus during growthRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesof prenatal alcohol exposure (Lupton, 2003). This number will only continue to grow if the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant i s not brought to the people’s attention. When the mother takes a drink of alcohol, so does the fetus, which will cause physical and behavioral problems after birth. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is completely preventable and irreversible. FAS awareness and prevention is important; expectant mothers need to know the background information about the syndrome, some commonRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition affecting children born to women who drink heavily during pregnancy. There are three criteria used to describe the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and to make a diagnosis of FAS. The first of these is a pattern of facial anomalies, these features include: #61558; Small eye openings #61558; Flat cheekbones #61558; Flattened groove between nose and upper lip #61558; Thin upper lip These characteristicsRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a mental and physical birth defect. It occurs when a pregnant women consumes high levels of alcohol during her pregnancy. The effects of FAS can be traumatic in some cases, and in others children were slightly affected by exposure to alcohol. FAS has a wide range of effects on the fetus and infant, retarded growth, under developed facial features, slow cognitive development, and many more. The evidence of cases is overwhelming, yet in some societies it is still anRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a disorder that can happen to children whose mothers drank sufficient amounts of alcohol sometime throughout their pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition classified in a group called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and is the most known and severe of the group. FAS, depending on the factors such as location, population and race studied is considered one of the leading known causes of mental retardation and birth defects, with 0.2 – 1.5 out of every 1Read MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome2703 Words   |  11 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of mental, physical, and behavioral defects that may develop in the unborn child when its mother drinks during pregnancy. These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described theseRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is an increasing problem in our world today. At least 5,000 infants are born each year with FAS, or about one out of every 750 live births, which is an alarming number. In the United States there has been a significant increase in the rate of infants born with FAS form 1 per 10,000 births in 1979 to 6.7 per 10,000 in 1993 (Chang, Wilikins-Haug, Berman, Goetz 1). In a report, Substance Abuse and the American Woman, sent out by the Center on Addiction

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Prostate Cancer - 1239 Words

A prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearby groups of cells or tissues, crowding out and destroying normal cells. Sometimes cancer cells can break away from the tumor and travel to other parts of the body. Body fluids that carry cancer cells from the tumor to other parts of the body†¦show more content†¦To determine PSA velocity, the NCCN guidelines recommend that multiple PSA values (a minimum of 3) be collected over time intervals of no less than 18 months. Second is age- and race-specific PSA reference ranges. Age- and race-specific PSA reference ranges compare the PSA test results among men in the same group. Third is Percent-free PSA (fPSA) is the percentage of the total PSA that is unbound. Evidence suggests that fPSA is lower in men who have prostate cancer compared with men who do not. Fourth are the complexed PSA (cPSA) test measures the amount of bound PSA circulating in the blood. Fifth is the PSA density (PSAD) which is a test sometimes used by doctors in patients who have a large prostate gland. To determine PSAD, the PSA value (ng/mL) is divided by the volume (size in cubic centimeters) of the prostate. The size of the prostate gland is determined by Tran’s rectal ultrasound (TRUS), a procedure that uses sound waves to create a picture of the prostate. ( (Diagnosis)) After all the different types of testing if there is any abnormality then a biopsy would be the next step. A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which the doctor uses the Trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) to view and guide a needle into the prostate to take small samples of tissue. These tissues are then examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer. The biopsy procedure is short and you can usually go home the same day. There may be someShow MoreRelatedTreatment for Prostate Cancer1369 Words   |  6 PagesTREATMENT of localized prostate cancer usually includes prostatectomy and radiation therapy, occasionally augmented with hormonal therapies. However, Fu et al., (2012) have noted that recurrence of prostate cancer occurs in about 15% of patients within 5 years after prostatectomy and in about 40% patients within 10 years. Although, more than 70% of patients are expected to survive for more than 10 years after prostatectomy, radiationRead MoreProstate Cancer1210 Words   |  5 PagesA prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Prostate cancer is cancer that forms in tissue in that gland, it usually occurs in older men. Cancer comes in forms of tumors, which is an abnormal growth of cells. Malignant tumors are the cancerous tumors of the two different types of tumors. Can cause pain and interfere with normal function, but they can also cause other systems in the body to act abnormally. Malignant tumors can invade nearbyRead MoreProstate Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1283 Words   |  6 PagesCancer begins when cells start to grow uncontrollably. Prostate cancer occurs in a male’s prostate gland (a small walnut shaped gland that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm) (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men (Mayoclinic.org, 2015). There are 4 types of prostate cancer such as sarcomas, small cell carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors and transitional cell carcinoma. Most prostate cancer is considered to be adenocarcinomasRead MoreThe Correlation Between Cancer And Prostate Cancer1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe finding led to the belief that the solution lied in the saturation, where the maximal growth of the prostate cancer was achieved at a low level of testosterone. This model was produced by Fowler and Whitmore, who concluded â€Å"normal endogenous testosterone levels may be sufficient to cause near maximal stimulation of prostatic tumors.† There final conclusion was that â€Å"there is not today—nor has there ever been—a scientific basis for the contention that a higher T concentration causes pCA growthRead MoreProstate Cancer2703 Words   |  11 PagesProstate cancer Introduction Prostate cancer is a cancerous tumor in the prostate gland, a small walnut-sized gland in men that makes seminal fluid, which helps carry sperm out of the body. The prostate is located beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine out through the penis. Prostate tumors can be benign or cancerous. With benign tumors, the prostate gets bigger and squeezes the urethra, interrupting the normal flow of urine. This condition, called benignRead MoreProstate Cancer4196 Words   |  17 PagesAbstract Prostate cancer is one of the major health concerns of the public. Worldwide prostate cancer has affected a big portion of the population and has become an issue for many males all around the world. Prostate cancer refers to the malignant growth of glandular cells located in the prostate. At the age of 85, a man is said to have a 1 in 5 chances of developing prostate cancer sometime in their life. Unfortunately Prostate cancer is a disease that does not give any warning signs when it isRead MoreProstate Cancer Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesProstate Cancer The prostate gland is an egg-sized organ that rings the male urethra. The secretions of the prostate give nutrients to the semen. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in men. (Ernstoff,Heaney,Peschel,1998,pviii) Like all cancers, prostate cancer is an uncontrolled cell production in a particular organ or area of the body. In the case of prostate cancer, these cells begin to split impulsively in the prostate andRead MoreThe Treatment Of Prostate Cancer852 Words   |  4 PagesProstate cancer is the one of the most lethal disease in the United Sates. The pattern of disease recurrence being the major cause of morbidity and mortality. In spite of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of prostate cancer, the survival rate of men with this disease has remained relatively unchanged in over the decades. Since the Nobel prize winning discovery by Dr. Huggins and Dr. H odges (Huggins C., 1941) androgen deprivation therapyRead More Prostate Cancer Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesInterest Prostate cancer being a huge cause of mortality and medical expense in men age forty and above has only recently become a topic of general conversation to men in America (Plowden, 2009). African-American men are affected by prostate cancer at a disproportional level than all other men. They are diagnosed up to 65% more frequently and the mortality rate is twice that of Caucasian counterparts (Emerson, 2009). The African-American male is also less likely to take advantage of free prostate cancerRead MoreProstate Cancer : The Most Common Cancer950 Words   |  4 Pages Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men aside from skin cancer. Out of six American men at least one of them will be diagnosed with colon cancer. The prostate is a small gland shaped like a walnut that is in the center of a man s body within the pelvis. The prostate makes a milky fluid that carries sperm during ejaculation. It is wrapped around the tube that carries urine out of the body (the urethra). It sits just below the bladder. Prostate cancer is more common in African

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Leading and Managing People Personal Leadership Model

Question: Discuss about theLeading and Managing People for Personal Leadership Model. Answer: Introduction Personal Leadership Model The idea of being a Leader comes from various thoughts and inspirations where different Leaders could have various skills at which they might be good at managing. People in these roles or in these situations where they stand up and lead the others are faced with numerous challenges and situations and eventually the Leaders become more capable of solving critical aspects of the Community and the Organizations in which they might be involved in. Warren Bennis stated that Leadership is the idea of transforming views into reality through constant planning and monitoring. Leadership Development Plan Developing a leadership plan could be possible by analysing the personal attributes of the person aspiring to be a Leader and by integrating the views and ideas of the people around. Self - Analysis is a critical stage of a persons development in general as it helps the person reflect, analyse, interpret and come to an agreement with himself. Analysing ones own potential will lead to accepting the attributes and character of the people around. In order to develop a leadership plan, it is ideal for me to undergo a personality assessment of myself and get a general pulse of what people perceive me to be as in a Leadership position. Leadership as stated earlier is the ability to transform ideas into reality and out them to execution. For some, Leadership would translate to making others do what they want them to do. Leadership has to be a method in which the person or the Leader exercises his vision to the people and to his followers in a way where they can apply the learnt skills in order to perform efficiently and achieve the desired growth. Areas of leadership come from different backgrounds like ethics, multiculturalism, teamwork, philosophy, psychology, power,leadershiptheory and management however I feel that according to my personality ethics, teamwork and management would be the most appropriate ones of leadership. Adapting and implementing a specific style of leadership comes from imbibing and developing ones own skills in that area. For example, we have chosen ethics, teamwork and management which would include honesty, integrity and standing up for people as the main attributes of a person to inculcate the Leadership behaviour. In any area of leadership, communication and being involved with people play a major role in developing the person as a Leader. I have gone through a personality assessment to analyse my personal attributes by going through a psychometry examination by Myerr Brigg. The results of my Personality Test where of INTJ which is of a personality of The Architect and this main attributes in terms of character of this personality are imaginative, being decisive about various aspects, ambitious in life and they are also known to be curious in terms of various aspects. It is believed that this is a very rare personality especially among the women who form a 0.9 % of the complete set of the Architect personalities. This is true in my case where I am naturally curious to know various things and I am imaginative when it comes to think of stories in my head about a specific aspect and I can spend hours on coming up with creative aspects of managing such things even at work. Being rational is the stronger aspect of my personality and I am a person who has a strong feeling in my head that intelligence us above all the aspects in life and effort and hard work are truly worth in order to achieve great heights in life. These are the aspects which have made me the person who I am today and I am known for my integrity in my Organization. Different Organizations have different ways of administering leadership at the Management level. Some of the Organizations have their rules laid out in terms of codes of ethics and codes of practice where the employees are expected to adapt and implement them. Intellect levels of the Leaders at such positions are the attributes which can differentiate Good and Able Leaders to the inefficient ones. I am a person who can stand like a rock in terms of exhibiting self confidence and in making observations about different aspects around in the Organization. With my strong will power, I was successful in pushing things to towards change and have implemented change management in a successful way. In order to achieve perfection, the INTJs would deconstruct the ideas and start constructing the ideas in any aspect. This has been observed in my life in different situations where I could enhance the productivity by motivating the employees to the required level and have achieved perfection in view of rewarding my employees at an appropriate time. My strengths are also being imaginative, strategic in thinking and analysing and portraying confidence. My main area of improvement is being arrogant and judgemental at times and also being over analytical in terms of assessing some of the aspects which I for sure understand is an area I have to work on. The Leaders should be confident and highly structured in their approach to achieve any aspect in life and they have to possess integrity as the main attribute in conducting themselves apart from setting higher standards of ethics for the Organization. The core values that my leadership model emphasises on are being open minded, being jack of all trades, hardworking and highly determined. These attributes and skills have helped me realise my style of leadership and my personality including my strengths and which will help me achieve greater heights in life. My Leadership style is of an Autocratic style where I allow the team members to make decisions without any major inputs or having to discuss with the other teams in situations where they are confident to take care of various aspects. This Leadership style provides an ample support to the team members and makes them confident and prepared to face various situations in the Organization. By implementing this style of Leadership I would also prepare them for their next level in the Organizational Hierarchy. My leadership style would benefit the Organizations and the Employees to a great extent where it would allow the required space for the teams to brainstorm within themselves and propose solutions for the identified issues within the Organization. The culture of the organisation/group which would prevail would be of a directional leadership where the employees expect their Leaders to communicate their vision and let them know if the tasks to be implemented. For example, this type of leadership prevails in China and North Korea. Autocratic Leaders will have the plan set in alignment with the Organizational objectives which are to be achieved and they will set the standards to be achieved as per the planned schedule. My leadership model is different to what is being practiced in the Corporate Environments of the present times as we observe most of the Projects have been failing owing to various reasons except those which are genuine. With the help of strong leaders in Autocratic Model, the employees would be confident that they would be led and hand held whenever required. This could be closely related to the coaching model where the Management would plan, implement the schedule as per the plan, list out the activities and follow the timelines in terms of implementation. Most of the Organizations in the present times would rise to the situation to convey that they are also following the same model however there would not be any discrepancy in terms of implementing the projects in cases where the plans are being adapted and followed according to the schedules. By implementing the Autocratic model of leadership, the employees will develop a sense of self discipline and being dedicated towards the achieving the Organizational objectives to ensure an overall growth. I personally like to apply this leadership model because I have noticed an exemplary change in the behaviour of my team members to be accountable for their assigned tasks and their coordination has increased marvellously. I can also expect a massive change in the Employees with relation to Respecting other Team Members Respect is associated to any situation in life and by respecting the ideas of the other team members as well the employees will achieve great heights as there would be a great exchange of views between the employees. Being Consistent Consistency is the most critical aspect which is overlooked by almost all the Organizations as the success of one project gets them to a level where they almost overlook all the other aspects of the projects and continue implementing in the same method. I would personally apply this model as the employee composition of an Organization is a mixed one and is assumed by the Management that every employee can deliver in the same way. This is not always applicable because the experience and skills vary between the employees and if the plans are passed down to the employees, they can execute them in an efficient way. References Dulebohn, J. H., Bommer, W. H., Liden, R. C., Brouer, R. L., Ferris, G. R 2012, A meta analysis of antecedents and consequences of leader-member exchange: Integrating the past with an eye toward the future. Journal of Management, 38, 17151759. 16 personalities nd, INTJ Personality, Viewed on Sep 28th 2016, https://www.16personalities.com/intj-strengths-and-weaknesses. Johnson, R nd, 5 Different Types of Leadership Styles, Viewed on Sep 28th 2016, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-different-types-leadership-styles-17584.html. Lagloff, L nd, Types of Management Leadership Styles, Viewed on Sep 28th 2016, https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-management-leadership-styles-10024.html. Leadersship Toolbox nd, Leadership Styles : Autocratic Leadership, Viewed on Sep 28th 2016, https://www.leadership-toolbox.com/autocratic-leadership.html. Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., Norenzayan, A 2010, The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 61135. Kathleen Patterson School of Leadership Studies, Regent University, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA. Robert F. Russell Department of Business Administration, Emory and Henry College, Emory, Virginia, USA. Sarros, J,Cooper, B Santora, J 2007, The Character of Leadership, Viewed on Sep 28th 2016, https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/the-character-of-leadership/. Schneider, S. K., George, W. M 2011, Servant leadership versus transformational leadership in voluntary service organizations, Leadership Organization Development Journal, 32, pp. 6077. Wang, D., Waldman, D. A., Zhang, Z 2014, A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness, Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 181198. doi:10.1037/a0034531. Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Xanthopoulou, D 2011, Do transformational leaders enhance their followers daily work engagement? The Leadership Quarterly, 22, pp. 121131.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

William Shakespeare Essays (854 words) - Theatre, Fiction

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was a great English playwright, dramatist and poet who lived during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright of all time. No other writer's plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as his. Shakespeare was born to middle class parents. His father, John, was a Stratford businessman. He was a glove maker who owned a leather shop. John Shakespeare was a well known and respected man in the town. He held several important local governmental positions. William Shakespeare's mother was Mary Arden. Though she was the daughter of a local farmer, she was related to a family of considerable wealth and social standing. Mary Arden and John Shakespeare were married in 1557. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford in 1564. He was one of eight children. The Shakespeare's were well respected prominent people. When William Shakespeare was about seven years old, he probably began attending the Stratford Grammar School with other boys of his social class. Students went to school year round attending school for nine hours a day. The teachers were strict disciplinarians. Though Shakespeare spent long hours at school, his boyhood was probably fascinating. Stratford was a lively town and during holidays, it was known to put on pageants and many popular shows. It also held several large fairs during the year. Stratford was a exciting place to live. Stratford also had fields and woods surrounding it giving William the opportunity to hunt and trap small game. The River Avon which ran through the town allowed him to fish also. Shakespeare's' poems and plays show his love of nature and rural life which reflects his childhood. On November 28, 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway of the neighboring village of Shottery. She was twenty-six, and he was only eighteen at the time. They had three children. Susana was their first and then they had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet, Shakespeare's son, died in 1596. In 1607, his daughter Susana got married. Shakespeare's other daughter, Judith, got married in 1616. In London, Shakespeare's career took off. It is believed that he may have become well known in London theatrical life by 1592. By that time, he had joined one of the city's repertory theater companies. These companies were made up of a permanent cast of actors who presented different plays week after week. The companies were commercial organizations that depended on admission from their audience. Scholars know that Shakespeare belonged to one of the most popular acting companies in London called The Lord Chamberlain's Men. Shakespeare was a leading member of the group from 1594 for the rest of his career. By 1594, at least six of Shakespeare's plays had been produced. During Shakespeare's life, there were two monarchs who ruled England. They were Henry the eighth and Elizabeth the first. Both were impressed with Shakespeare which made his name known. There is evidence that he was a member of a traveling theater group, and a schoolmaster. In 1594, he became an actor and playwright for Lord Chamberlain's Men. In 1599, he became a part owner of the prosperous Globe Theater. He also was a part owner of the Blackfriars Theater as of 1609. Shakespeare retired to Stratford in 1613 where he wrote many of his excellent plays. There are many reasons as to why William Shakespeare is so famous. He is generally considered to be both the greatest dramatist the world has ever known as well as the finest poet who has written in the English language. Many reasons can be given for Shakespeare's enormous appeal. His fame basically is from his great understanding of human nature. He was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Yet he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings. Their struggles in life are universal. Sometimes they are successful and sometimes their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. In addition to his understanding and realistic view of human nature, Shakespeare had a vast knowledge of a variety of subjects. These subjects include music, law, Bible, stage, art, politics, history, hunting, and sports. Shakespeare had a tremendous influence on culture and literature throughout the world. He contributed greatly to the development of the English language. Many words and phrases from Shakespeare's plays and poems have become part of our speech. Shakespeare's plays and poems have become a required part of education in the United States. Therefore, his ideas on subjects such as romantic love, heroism,